Tzevaot

Tzevaot, Tzevaoth, Tsebaoth or Sabaoth (in Hebrew: צבאות, transl. ṣəḇāʾōṯ, "Armies"), usually translated "Hosts", appears in reference to armies or armed hosts of men but is not used as a divine epithet in the Torah, Joshua, or Judges. Starting in the Books of Samuel, the term "Lord of Hosts" appears hundreds of times throughout the Prophetic books, in Psalms, and in Chronicles.

The Hebrew word Sabaoth was also absorbed in Ancient Greek (σαβαωθ, sabaōth) and Latin (Sabaoth, with no declension). Tertulllian and other Fathers of the Church used it with the meaning of "Army of angels of God".

Quotes about

Hebrew Bible

This man went up from his city yearly to worship and sacrifice to the Lord of hosts in Shiloh. Also the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the Lord, were there.

1 Samuel 1:3 NKJV.

Then she made a vow and said, “O Lord of hosts, if You will indeed look on the affliction of Your maidservant and remember me, and not forget Your maidservant, but will give Your maidservant a male child, then I will give him to the Lord all the days of his life, and no razor shall come upon his head.”

1 Samuel 1:11 NKJV.

So the people sent to Shiloh, that they might bring from there the Ark of the Covenant of the Lord of hosts, who dwells between the cherubim. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.

1 Samuel 4:4 NKJV.

Thus says the Lord of hosts: ‘I will punish Amalek for what he did to Israel, how he ambushed him on the way when he came up from Egypt.

1 Samuel 15:2 NKJV.

Then David said to the Philistine, “You come to me with a sword, with a spear, and with a javelin. But I come to you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.

1 Samuel 17:45 NKJV.

So David went on and became great, and the Lord God of hosts was with him.

2 Samuel 5:10 NKJV.

And David arose and went with all the people who were with him from Baale Judah to bring up from there the ark of God, whose name is called by the Name, the Lord of Hosts, who dwells between the cherubim.

2 Samuel 6:2 NKJV.

And when David had finished offering burnt offerings and peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the Lord of hosts.

2 Samuel 6:18 NKJV.

Now therefore, thus shall you say to My servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts: “I took you from the sheepfold, from following the sheep, to be ruler over My people, over Israel.

2 Samuel 7:8 NKJV.

So let Your name be magnified forever, saying, ‘The Lord of hosts is the God over Israel.’ And let the house of Your servant David be established before You. For You, O Lord of hosts, God of Israel, have revealed this to Your servant, saying, ‘I will build you a house.’ Therefore Your servant has found it in his heart to pray this prayer to You.

2 Samuel 7:26-27 NKJV.

Then Elijah said, “As the Lord of hosts lives, before whom I stand, I will surely present myself to him today.”

1 Kings 18:15 NKJV.

So he said, “I have been very zealous for the Lord God of hosts; for the children of Israel have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and killed Your prophets with the sword. I alone am left; and they seek to take my life.” [...] And he said, “I have been very zealous for the Lord God of hosts; because the children of Israel have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and killed Your prophets with the sword. I alone am left; and they seek to take my life.”

1 Kings 19:10,14 NKJV.

And Elisha said, “As the Lord of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, I would not look at you, nor see you.

2 Kings 3:14 NKJV.

For out of Jerusalem shall go a remnant,

And those who escape from Mount Zion.

The zeal of the Lord of hosts will do this.’

2 Kings 19:31 NKJV.

So David went on and became great, and the Lord of hosts was with him.

1 Chronicles 11:9 NKJV.

Now therefore, thus shall you say to My servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts: “I took you from the sheepfold, from following the sheep, to be ruler over My people Israel.

1 Chronicles 17:7 NKJV.

So let it be established, that Your name may be magnified forever, saying, ‘The Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, is Israel’s God.’ And let the house of Your servant David be established before You.

1 Chronicles 17:24 NKJV.

Who is this King of glory?

The Lord of hosts,

He is the King of glory. Selah

Book of Psalms 24:10 NKJV.

The Lord of hosts is with us;

The God of Jacob is our refuge. Selah. [...]

The Lord of hosts is with us;

The God of Jacob is our refuge. Selah

Psalms 46:7,11 NKJV.

As we have heard,

So we have seen

In the city of the Lord of hosts,

In the city of our God:

God will establish it forever. Selah

Psalms 48:8 NKJV.

You therefore, O Lord God of hosts, the God of Israel,

Awake to punish all the nations;

Do not be merciful to any wicked transgressors. Selah

Psalms 59:5 NKJV.

Let not those who wait for You, O Lord God of hosts, be ashamed because of me;

Let not those who seek You be confounded because of me, O God of Israel.

Psalms 69:6 NKJV.

O Lord God of hosts,

How long will You be angry

Against the prayer of Your people? [...]

Restore us, O Lord God of hosts;

Cause Your face to shine,

And we shall be saved!

Psalms 80:4,19 NKJV.

How lovely is Your tabernacle,

O Lord of hosts! [...]

Even the sparrow has found a home,

And the swallow a nest for herself,

Where she may lay her young—

Even Your altars, O Lord of hosts,

My King and my God.[...]

O Lord God of hosts, hear my prayer;

Give ear, O God of Jacob! Selah [...]

O Lord of hosts,

Blessed is the man who trusts in You!

Psalms 84:1,3,8,12 NKJV.

Unless the Lord of hosts

Had left to us a very small remnant,

We would have become like Sodom,

We would have been made like Gomorrah. [...]

Therefore the Lord says,

The Lord of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel,

“Ah, I will rid Myself of My adversaries,

And take vengeance on My enemies.

Isaiah 1:9,24 NKJV.

For the day of the Lord of hosts

Shall come upon everything proud and lofty,

Upon everything lifted up—

And it shall be brought low—

Isaiah 2:12 NKJV.

For behold, the Lord, the Lord of hosts,

Takes away from Jerusalem and from Judah

The stock and the store,

The whole supply of bread and the whole supply of water; [...]

What do you mean by crushing My people

And grinding the faces of the poor?”

Says the Lord God of hosts.

Isaiah 3:1,15 NKJV.

For the vineyard of the Lord of hosts is the house of Israel,

And the men of Judah are His pleasant plant.

He looked for justice, but behold, oppression;

For righteousness, but behold, a cry for help. [...]

In my hearing the Lord of hosts said,

“Truly, many houses shall be desolate,

Great and beautiful ones, without inhabitant. [...]

But the Lord of hosts shall be exalted in judgment,

And God who is holy shall be hallowed in righteousness. [...]

Therefore, as the fire devours the stubble,

And the flame consumes the chaff,

So their root will be as rottenness,

And their blossom will ascend like dust;

Because they have rejected the law of the Lord of hosts,

And despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

Isaiah 5:7,9,16,24 NKJV.

And one cried to another and said:

“Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts;

The whole earth is full of His glory!”

And the posts of the door were shaken by the voice of him who cried out, and the house was filled with smoke.

So I said:

“Woe is me, for I am undone!

Because I am a man of unclean lips,

And I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips;

For my eyes have seen the King,

The Lord of hosts.”

Isaiah 6:3-5 NKJV.

The Lord of hosts, Him you shall hallow;

Let Him be your fear,

And let Him be your dread. [...]

Here am I and the children whom the Lord has given me!

We are for signs and wonders in Israel

From the Lord of hosts,

Who dwells in Mount Zion.

Isaiah 8:13,18 NKJV.

For unto us a Child is born,

Unto us a Son is given;

And the government will be upon His shoulder.

And His name will be called

Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God,

Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. [...]

The Syrians before and the Philistines behind;

And they shall devour Israel with an open mouth.

For all this His anger is not turned away,

But His hand is stretched out still. [...]

For wickedness burns as the fire;

It shall devour the briers and thorns,

And kindle in the thickets of the forest;

They shall mount up like rising smoke.

Isaiah 9:6,12,18 NKJV.

Therefore the Lord, the Lord of hosts,

Will send leanness among his fat ones;

And under his glory

He will kindle a burning

Like the burning of a fire. [...]

For the Lord God of hosts

Will make a determined end

In the midst of all the land.

Isaiah 10:16,23 NKJV.

Your own wickedness will correct you,

And your backslidings will rebuke you.

Know therefore and see that it is an evil and bitter thing

That you have forsaken the Lord your God,

And the fear of Me is not in you,”

Says the Lord God of hosts.

Jeremiah 2:19 NKJV.

Therefore thus says the Lord God of hosts:

“Because you speak this word,

Behold, I will make My words in your mouth fire,

And this people wood,

And it shall devour them.

Jeremiah 5:14 NKJV.

For thus has the Lord of hosts said:

“Cut down trees,

And build a mound against Jerusalem.

This is the city to be punished.

She is full of oppression in her midst. [...]

Thus says the Lord of hosts:

“They shall thoroughly glean as a vine the remnant of Israel;

As a grape-gatherer, put your hand back into the branches.”

Jeremiah 6:6,9 NKJV.

Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: “Amend your ways and your doings, and I will cause you to dwell in this place. [...] Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: “Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and eat meat.

Jeremiah 7:3,21 NKJV.

Then death shall be chosen rather than life by all the residue of those who remain of this evil family, who remain in all the places where I have driven them,” says the Lord of hosts.

Jeremiah 8:3 NKJV.

Therefore thus says the Lord of hosts:

“Behold, I will refine them and try them;

For how shall I deal with the daughter of My people?

Jeremiah 9:7 NKJV.

The Lord, the God of hosts,

the Lord is his name.

Hosea 12:6 NCB.

Listen and testify against the house of Jacob, says the Lord God, the God of hosts.

Amos 3:13 NCB.

He is the one who formed the mountains

and created the wind,

and who reveals to men his thoughts,

who changes the dawn into darkness

and strides upon the heights of the earth:

the Lord, the God of hosts, is his name.

Amos 4:13 NCB.

Seek good and not evil,

That you may live;

So the Lord God of hosts will be with you,

As you have spoken.

Hate evil, love good;

Establish justice in the gate.

It may be that the Lord God of hosts

Will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph.

Therefore the Lord God of hosts, the Lord, says this:

“There shall be wailing in all streets,

And they shall say in all the highways,

‘Alas! Alas!’

They shall call the farmer to mourning,

And skillful lamenters to wailing.

Amos 5:14-16 NKJV.

Therefore I will send you into captivity beyond Damascus,”

Says the Lord, whose name is the God of hosts.

Amos 5:27 NKJV.

“But, behold, I will raise up a nation against you,

O house of Israel,”

Says the Lord God of hosts;

“And they will afflict you from the entrance of Hamath

To the Valley of the Arabah.”

Amos 6:14 NKJV.

The Lord God of hosts,

He who touches the earth and it melts,

And all who dwell there mourn;

All of it shall swell like the River,

And subside like the River of Egypt.

Amos 9:5 NKJV.

But everyone shall sit under his vine and under his fig tree,

And no one shall make them afraid;

For the mouth of the Lord of hosts has spoken.

Micah 4:4 NKJV.

“Behold, I am against you,” says the Lord of hosts, “I will burn [a]your chariots in smoke, and the sword shall devour your young lions; I will cut off your prey from the earth, and the voice of your messengers shall be heard no more.”

Nahum 2:13 NKJV.

“Behold, I am against you,” says the Lord of hosts;

“I will lift your skirts over your face,

I will show the nations your nakedness,

And the kingdoms your shame.

Book of Nahum 3:5 NKJV.

Therefore, as I live,”

Says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel,

“Surely Moab shall be like Sodom,

And the people of Ammon like Gomorrah—

Overrun with weeds and saltpits,

And a perpetual desolation.

The residue of My people shall plunder them,

And the remnant of My people shall possess them.”

This they shall have for their pride,

Because they have reproached and made arrogant threats

Against the people of the Lord of hosts.

Zephaniah 2:9-10 NKJV.

Now therefore, thus says the Lord of hosts: “Consider your ways! [...] Thus says the Lord of hosts: “Consider your ways! [...] “You looked for much, but indeed it came to little; and when you brought it home, I blew it away. Why?” says the Lord of hosts. “Because of My house that is in ruins, while every one of you runs to his own house. [...] So the Lord stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they came and worked on the house of the Lord of hosts, their God.

Haggai 1:5,7,9,14 NKJV.

Yet now be strong, Zerubbabel,’ says the Lord; ‘and be strong, Joshua, son of Jehozadak, the high priest; and be strong, all you people of the land,’ says the Lord, ‘and work; for I am with you,’ says the Lord of hosts. ‘According to the word that I covenanted with you when you came out of Egypt, so My Spirit remains among you; do not fear!’

“For thus says the Lord of hosts: ‘Once more (it is a little while) I will shake heaven and earth, the sea and dry land; and I will shake all nations, and they shall come to the Desire of All Nations, and I will fill this temple with glory,’ says the Lord of hosts. ‘The silver is Mine, and the gold is Mine,’ says the Lord of hosts. ‘The glory of this latter temple shall be greater than the former,’ says the Lord of hosts. ‘And in this place I will give peace,’ says the Lord of hosts.” On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came by Haggai the prophet, saying, “Thus says the Lord of hosts: ‘Now, ask the priests concerning the law, saying,.. [...] ‘In that day,’ says the Lord of hosts, ‘I will take you, Zerubbabel My servant, the son of Shealtiel,’ says the Lord, ‘and will make you like a signet ring; for I have chosen you,’ says the Lord of hosts.”

Haggai 2:4-11,23 NKJV.

So the angel who spoke with me said to me, “Proclaim, saying, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts: [...]

Therefore thus says the Lord:

“I am returning to Jerusalem with mercy;

My house shall be built in it,” says the Lord of hosts,

“And a surveyor’s line shall be stretched out over Jerusalem.” ’

“Again proclaim, saying, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts:

“My cities shall again spread out through prosperity;

The Lord will again comfort Zion,

And will again choose Jerusalem.”

Zechariah 1:14-17 NKJV.

For thus says the Lord of hosts: “He sent Me after glory, to the nations which plunder you; for he who touches you touches the apple of His eye. For surely I will shake My hand against them, and they shall become spoil for their servants. Then you will know that the Lord of hosts has sent Me.

“Sing and rejoice, O daughter of Zion! For behold, I am coming and I will dwell in your midst,” says the Lord. “Many nations shall be joined to the Lord in that day, and they shall become My people. And I will dwell in your midst. Then you will know that the Lord of hosts has sent Me to you.

Zechariah 2:8-11 NKJV.

“Thus says the Lord of hosts:

‘If you will walk in My ways,

And if you will keep My command,

Then you shall also judge My house,

And likewise have charge of My courts;

I will give you places to walk

Among these who stand here. [...]

For behold, the stone

That I have laid before Joshua:

Upon the stone are seven eyes.

Behold, I will engrave its inscription,’

Says the Lord of hosts,

‘And I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day.

In that day,’ says the Lord of hosts,

‘Everyone will invite his neighbor

Under his vine and under his fig tree.’ ”

Zechariah 3:7,9-10 NKJV.

So he answered and said to me:

“This is the word of the Lord to Zerubbabel:

‘Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit,’

Says the Lord of hosts. [...]

“The hands of Zerubbabel

Have laid the foundation of this temple;

His hands shall also finish it.

Then you will know

That the Lord of hosts has sent Me to you.

Zechariah 4:6,9 NKJV.

And it shall be that whichever of the families of the earth do not come up to Jerusalem to worship the King, the Lord of hosts, on them there will be no rain. [...] Yes, every pot in Jerusalem and Judah shall be holiness to the Lord of hosts. Everyone who sacrifices shall come and take them and cook in them. In that day there shall no longer be a Canaanite in the house of the Lord of hosts.

Zechariah 14:17-21 NKJV.

Even though Edom has said,

“We have been impoverished,

But we will return and build the desolate places,”

Thus says the Lord of hosts:

“They may build, but I will throw down;

They shall be called the Territory of Wickedness,

And the people against whom the Lord will have indignation forever.

Your eyes shall see,

And you shall say,

‘The Lord is magnified beyond the border of Israel.’

A son honors his father,

And a servant his master.

If then I am the Father,

Where is My honor?

And if I am a Master,

Where is My reverence?

Says the Lord of hosts

To you priests who despise My name.

Yet you say, ‘In what way have we despised Your name?’ [...]

And when you offer the blind as a sacrifice,

Is it not evil?

And when you offer the lame and sick,

Is it not evil?

Offer it then to your governor!

Would he be pleased with you?

Would he accept you favorably?”

Says the Lord of hosts.

“But now entreat God’s favor,

That He may be gracious to us.

While this is being done by your hands,

Will He accept you favorably?”

Says the Lord of hosts.

Malachi 1:4-6,8-9 NKJV

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Tzevaot

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