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DescriptionSite of First Self-Sustaining Nuclear Reaction (10585075464).jpg
Site of First Self-Sustaining Nuclear Reaction in Chicago, a national landmark (1942). The Chicago Pile-1 nuclear reactor was built under the abandoned Stagg Field at the University of Chicago. Overseen by Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard, the "pile" consisted of graphite blocks moderating uranium pellets. Free neutrons produced by the natural decay of uranium were absorbed by other uranium atoms, creating fission and the release of more neutrons, a chain reaction. The graphite slowed the neutons, increasing the chance that they would be absorbed. On December 2, 1942, the pile went critical. The operation was terminated in February 1943 and moved to Red Gate Woods (now Argonne National Laboratory).
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