Mandala 4

The fourth Mandala of the Rigveda has 58 hymns, mainly to Agni and Indra. It is one of the "family books", the oldest core of the Rigveda, which were composed in early vedic period. The Rigveda Anukramani attributes all hymns in this book to Vāmadeva Gautama, except for hymns 43 and 44, attributed to Purumīḍha Sauhotra and Ajamīḍha Sauhotra.

Quotes

• For Divodasa, him who brought oblations, Indra overthrew A hundred fortresses of stone.
  • RV 4.30.20 (Griffith 1973, reprint: 221) in Bryant, E. F., & Patton, L. L. (2005). The Indo-Aryan controversy : evidence and inference in Indian history. Routledge 66

• Here did our human fathers take their places, fain to fulfil the sacred Law of worship.
  • RV 4.1.13

• As in the days of old our ancient Fathers, speeding the work of holy worship, Agni, Sought pure light and devotion, singing praises; they cleft the ground and made red Dawns apparent.
  • RV 4. 2.16

• “Indra conquered all cows, all gold, all horses” (4.17.11)
  • quoted in Danino, M. (2019). Demilitarizing the Rigveda: a scrutiny of Vedic horses, chariots and warfare., STUDIES IN HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Journal of the Inter-University Centre for Humanities and Social Sciences VOL. XXVI, NUMBER 1, SUMMER 2019

• Indra-Soma, by means of the truth (eva satyam), shatters the stable where Dasyus were holding “horses and cows” (ashvyam goh).
  • Rig-Veda, IV.28.5. as quoted/cited in THE HORSE AND THE ARYAN DEBATE by Michel Danino* (Published in the Journal of Indian History and Culture of the C. P. Ramaswami Aiyar Institute of Indological Research, Chennai, September 2006, No.13, pp. 33-59.)