Synarchy
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Synarchy generally means "joint rule" or "harmonious rule". The term has two different meanings:
- on the one hand, in its common sense, a mythical secret society, evoked in France from C.E.1941, supposedly linked to the emergence of the technocratic movement.
- on the other hand, in a lesser-known sense, a theoretical form of government proposed by the Frenchman Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveydre (C.E.1842-1909), who wrote several books at the end of the nineteenth century expounding the theory of Synarchy. He hoped to see the Synarchy realized as a European organization capable of preventing the wars of the twentieth century that he sensed and as the internal organization of each European nation, of France in particular.
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Bibliography[edit]
- Richard F. Kuisel (Spring C.E.1970). "The Legend of the Vichy Synarchy." French Historical Studies, vol. 6, no. 3. pp. 365–398. doi:10.2307/286065.
- (in French) Olivier Dard (C.E.2012). La synarchie ou le mythe du complot permanent. Paris: Perrin. ISBN 978-2262010997.
Sources[edit]
- Parekh, Rupal (C.E.2008). "WPP'S 'Synarchy' Name Choice Sparks Sneers". Retrieved 2009-01-08. "{{{title}}}".: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
- Synarchy entry on Noah Webster's C.E.1828 American Dictionary web edition
- Saint-Yves d'Alveydre, La France vraie (Paris: Calmann Lévy, C.E.1887).
- André Nataf, The Wordsworth Dictionary of the Occult (Wordsworth Editions Ltd; C.E.1994).
- Patton, Guy; Mackness, Robin (C.E.2000). Web of Gold: The Secret History of Sacred Treasures. Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0-283-06344-0.
- William L. Langer (C.E.1947). Our Vichy Gamble. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.[page needed]
- Henry Chavin, Rapport confidentiel sur la société secrète polytechnicienne dite Mouvement synarchique d'Empire (MSE) ou Convention synarchique révolutionnaire, 1941.
- Annie Lacroiz-Riz, Le choix de la défaite: Les élites françaises dans les années 1930, Armand Colin, C.E.2006. ISBN 978-2200267841
- Richard F. Kuisel, "The Legend of the Vichy Synarchy" (French Historical Studies, vol. 6, no. 3, Spring C.E.1970), pp. 365–398. doi:10.2307/286065.
- Olivier Dard, La synarchie ou le mythe du complot permanent, Paris: Perrin, C.E.1998, p. 228.
- Jean-Noël Jeanneney, L'argent caché: milieux d'affaires et pouvoirs politiques dans la France du XXe siècle, Paris: Seuil, C.E.1984, pp. 231-241.
- Henry Rousso, La Collaboration: les noms, les thèmes, les lieux, Paris: MA Éditions, C.E.1987, pp. 166-168.
- Denis Peschanski, "Vichy au singulier, Vichy au pluriel: une tentative avortée d'encadrement de la société (C.E.1941-1942)" (Annales. Économies, sociétés, civilisations, Paris: Armand Colin, n°3, may-june C.E.1988, pp. 650-651.
- Frédéric Monier, "Secrets de parti et suspicion d'État dans la France des années 1930" (Politix, n° 54, C.E.2001, p. 138).
- Bénédicte Vergez-Chaignon, Le docteur Ménétrel: éminence grise et confident du maréchal Pétain, Paris: Perrin, C.E.2001, p. 160.
- Nicolas Beaupré, Les grandes guerres (1914-1945), Paris: Belin, C.E.2012, pp. 827-828.
- Bernard Costagliola, Darlan: la Collaboration à tout prix, Paris:CNRS éditions, C.E.2015, p. 102.
- Fabrice Grenard, Florent Le Bot and Cédric Perrin, Histoire économique de Vichy: l'État, les hommes, les entreprises, Paris: Perrin, C.E.2017, pp. 155 ; 386-387.
- Olivier Dard, La synarchie, le mythe du complot permanent, Paris, Perrin, C.E.1998
- Reichstadt, Rudy (October 30, C.E.2012). "La Synarchie, ce complot permanent qui n'existait pas". Slate.fr. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
- Olivier Dard, "La corruption dans la France des années 1930: historiographie et perspectives de recherche", in Jens Ivo Engels, Frédéric Monier et Natalie Petiteau (ed.), La politique vue d'en bas: pratiques privées, débats publics dans l'Europe contemporaine, XIXe-XXe siècles: actes du Colloque d'Avignon, mai 2010, Paris:Armand Colin, C.E.2012, pp. 212-213.
- LaRouche, Lyndon (C.E.2003). "Reviving the Sense of Mission For American Citizens Today". Retrieved 2008-04-06. "{{{title}}}".: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
- Steinberg, Jeffrey (C.E.2003). "Synarchism: The Fascist Roots Of the Wolfowitz Cabal". Retrieved 2008-04-06. "{{{title}}}".: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
- LaRouche, Lyndon H. Jr. (C.E.2008). "The Empire Versus the Nations: Synarchism, Sport & Iran". Archived from the original on March 24, C.E.2008. Retrieved 2008-04-06. "{{{title}}}".: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
- John King Fairbank, Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, C.E.1842-1854, (Harvard University Press, C.E.1953), 462–468
- "Synarchy under the Treaties", Chinese Thought and Institutions, John K. Fairbank, ed. (University of Chicago Press, C.E.1957), 204–231.
- Review of Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast
- Lucas, Jeffrey Kent (C.E.2010). The Rightward Drift of Mexico's Former Revolutionaries: The Case of Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press. pp. 207–212. ISBN 978-0-7734-3665-7.
- A. Riding, Mexico: Inside the Volcano, Coronet Books, C.E.1989, p. 113
- (in Spanish) National Synarchist Union (Website of the right-wing UNS)